完整原文
The rapid evolution of cyberspace has fundamentally challenged traditional Westphalian notions of territorial sovereignty, compelling international jurists to reconcile the principle of state sovereignty with the evolving doctrine of state responsibility for transborder cyber operations. Whereas states assert exclusive jurisdictional control over digital infrastructure within their borders, the inherently borderless nature of network traffic and the decentralized architecture of the internet frequently render such territorial claims legally porous and practically unenforceable. Consequently, the attribution of malicious cyber activities transcends mere technical forensics, demanding a rigorous application of the International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility to determine whether non-state actors operate under effective state control or acquiescence. To mitigate attribution ambiguities, contemporary jurisprudence increasingly gravitates toward the due diligence obligation, which mandates that states proactively police their digital territories and prevent them from being exploited as launchpads for internationally wrongful acts. Ultimately, fostering a robust normative architecture for cyberspace requires abandoning zero-sum territorial thinking in favor of a cooperative liability framework, wherein sovereign prerogatives are inextricably bound to transnational accountability and multilateral dispute resolution mechanisms.